Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction Many advances in neonatology in the last several decades have allowed for the resuscitation, support, and survival of more preterm infants. The mortality associated with respiratory disease in this population of micropremies has been altered significantly by the use of antenatal corticosteroids, postnatal surfactant, improved respiratory support technology, and enhanced nutritional strategies, but the risk of developing long-term respiratory morbidity remains very high. Although the clinical presentation now differs from its original description, BPD continues to be one of the most common complications of premature infants. This disease presents several challenges to clinicians, and its effects can be seen not only in the lungs of these infants but also in many other organ systems.